Inauguration Day Is Also The 20th Anniversary of The First Podcast
The “Alexander Graham Bell Moment” in podcasting happened on Inauguration Day, 2001...and nobody got it.
Welcome to Issue #2 of The Audio Insurgent. Frankly, I was kind of blown away by the reaction to the first. This was something I thought I’d just try for fun...and it already has taken off in a surprising way. Over 800 people signed up last week, which is about 750 more than I expected.
In the email I sent to friends, I mentioned I’d do a dispatch every 2 or 3 weeks. However, more than 80% of my sign-ups came in after I sent the first issue. So I decided to do another just so those who signed up actually got something within a reasonable amount of time.
Plus, following last week’s nonsense, I figured it might be good to put out something related to Inauguration Day that has nothing to do with...all that.
So therefore I have one big thing (the 20th anniversary) and one small thing (my love for Descript--and my worry that it may lose what made it so miraculous).
[ONE BIG THING: HAPPY BIRTHDAY PODCASTING]
It always blows my mind how many creatives who work every day in podcasting have absolutely no idea how things started. Here is my contribution to correcting that.
Obvious thing to say: Inauguration Day is a big day, meaning a lot of things to a lot of people. The end of some things; the beginning of others. And God knows who will actually be President by then. Something that will probably get lost in all the week’s commotion: the 20th anniversary of podcasting. Yes, a week from Wednesday, podcasting will be just a year shy of being able to buy its own beer.
Whenever people argue about the first podcast, the conversation usually settles on Chris Lydon’s recording of the first Open Source episode on July 9th, 2003. And there is no doubt that Lydon’s interview recording was the first original production made specifically for podcasting (Here is a blog post that talked about all the tech that was required to convert an unused office into the first podcast studio, which is entirely amusing now, and here is a rabbit hole where you might be able to actually hear those early episodes).
But that Open Source episode wasn’t the first podcast. The first podcast occurred 900 days earlier, on January 20th, 2001.
Before we talk about that first podcast feed, let’s review the poorly documented history of podcasting, often revised by those who wish to include themselves or exclude others. ;) I am not one of those people, so here is my (actually researched and reported) take:
Podcasting came into reality in a New York City hotel room in October of 2000. No one can remember which hotel it was, though Dave Winer recalls it was a “fancy rock star type hotel.” He remembers that because he was meeting with Adam Curry, a former VJ from MTV, who Dave said was “something of a rock star himself.” Adam was visiting from Belgium, where he was living at the time, and wanted to meet up with Dave to share an idea he’d had.
Dave Winer had been an early pioneer in blogging, having created RSS (short for “Really Simple Syndication”), the technology that drove a lot of blog infrastructure and distribution technology. Dave basically invented blogging as we know it by creating the systems that made it possible. Dave Winer has actually been a pioneer in a lot of things. He doesn’t like thinking of himself as a software developer, which feels like an oversimplification for him. He refers to himself as a “media hacker.” He has spent a lot of his career thinking up new media types, then building software to make that new media type possible. Early in his career he developed scripting environments, online publishing tools, Outline Processor Markup Language (OPML), and a lot of other things that most people wouldn’t understand but were essential in making modern digital syndication possible.
But more important than any specific technological advancement, Dave Winer thought differently about how to use the Web to deliver information. Dave believed in making systems open, democratic, and easily accessible, going against the prevailing tide to make material on the Internet as proprietary, controlled, and commercialized as possible. Winer made subscribing to content on the Internet possible, so that users could receive information from sites they wanted to follow as a “feed” of up-to-date information.
Even though Adam Curry is probably best known for his seven years as a VJ for MTV, he has had a lot of facets to his career since then, mostly as an early advocate and entrepreneur for Internet-related businesses. In 2000, he was a big fan of Dave Winer’s work on RSS. Adam wanted to pitch Dave the idea of using blogging technology to distribute digital audio files. Adam had even rewritten some of Dave’s RSS code to support the idea of distributing audio instead of text: audio blogging.
When they met in Adam’s hotel room, Adam made his passionate case for the idea and its potential to really leverage the Internet to revolutionize radio, audio, or any form of shared sound. Adam was gesticulating and trying very hard to explain. Dave listened and didn’t get it.
Shortly before that meeting, Adam had published a thought piece called “The Last Mile.” I’ve tried for years to find that piece, and no one--even Adam--seems to have a copy, though lots of people remember reading it. It argued that “always-on” cable modems in the home (not quite robust enough to be called “broadband,” but a huge step forward from dial-in modems using telephone lines) offered an opportunity to rethink how to distribute audio files, which were monstrously huge compared to text, or even pictures. At that time, there was a “click, wait” problem with audio and video media on the Internet. You would click to listen, then wait, often for a long time. The choke point was the last link in the chain, the Internet connection to the user’s home, a.k.a. the last mile. But Adam suggested that the “always-on” cable modem wasn’t being utilized all the time. At night, for example, it just sat there largely unused. What if you could find a way to use that downtime to go grab larger files so they would be ready to listen to when you woke up in the morning? In Adam’s mind, RSS was the perfect method to do this. All it needed was some changes to the code to allow for audio files to replace text files.
While Dave Winer didn’t really understand what Adam was talking about, or why anyone would want to do this, he decided to give it a try. In January 2001, Dave had finished the code changes to RSS to allow for the audio enclosures as Adam had outlined to him.
To test it out, he created the first podcast feed.
The feed launched on January 20, 2001, Inauguration Day, when George W. Bush became president of the United States. The feed contained one item: the Grateful Dead song, “US Blues.” Dave eventually added a few other Grateful Dead songs to the feed over time.
That’s it. Podcasting’s version of Alexander Graham Bell’s first telephone transmission of "Mr. Watson--come here--I want to see you."
So what did the world think of this first podcast feed? Did others begin to weep with appreciation? Did a collective slow clap break out among early to-be “audio blogging” enthusiasts?
Nope.
Hardly anyone listened to Dave’s first feed.
And those that did listen didn’t get it. Much like Adam and Dave’s conversations in that hotel room, the wider world didn’t really understand why you’d want to move this audio file around via RSS nor what its potential could be. Dave thought of audio blogging as “an interesting experiment” and pretty much moved on.
“The whole idea of that was to try to bootstrap the technology, that other people would support the technology, and that even other people would do podcasts,” said Dave. “But I couldn’t see any evidence of that actually happening.”
Though some other people messed around with it like Dave had with the Grateful Dead tunes, not a lot happened with RSS audio enclosures until Dave arrived for a fellowship at Harvard in 2003. That’s when he met Chris Lydon and talked him into recording that first episode of Open Source (and I really do mean “talking him into recording”--Chris, by his own admission, didn’t get it either, but figured it might be fun and gave it a try--he is still producing Open Source today).
What happened after that is for another day, but if anyone tells you an origin story other than what you read above, send them my way.
[ONE SMALL THING: DESCRIPT]
It was my former Audible colleague and Radiolab alum Ellen Horne who first told me about Descript--and at first I didn’t believe it was true. A software program that allows you to edit audio as easily as text in a doc. You drag/drop your raw audio recordings, it transcribes them in minutes, syncs the audio and text, then allows you to edit the audio just like you would cut, copy, and paste text on a page. But you can not only edit, you can search too. We recently did a project that had over 200 hours of recorded audio in 539 different files. We dropped it all into Descript. Afterwards, we could instantly answer questions like, “Didn’t she mention in one of the interviews that her friend made tomato soup?” You search for “tomato soup”--and you are right there, immediately, listening to the exact passage among all those recordings. This level of ease would have been unthinkable even just a few years ago.
Not only is Descript an amazing tool for seasoned audio producers, but it is also great for those new to audio editing. When we worked with ESPN to develop ESPN Daily, the team was composed of talented staff from a variety of disciplines: audio, film, TV, and print. We advised that they use Descript to do the first pass of their interviews, which allowed everyone to get their hands in the tape to make and review cuts, not just the audio pros.
Even on incredibly complex productions, like the series we did for TED called Far Flung with Saleem Reshamwala, we produced multiple edits/versions of the episodes in Descript, often keeping them in Descript until they were ready to sound design (for those unfamiliar, that means the episodes were pretty much done, except for music and fussing over the audio mix).
Descript does a lot of other things as well, like similar editing for video, screen capture, multi-track editing, collaborative editing (multiple people working at the same time, like Google Docs), crazy AI tools that let you tweak what people say (scary, but sometimes useful), and a number of other really impressive and original features.
That is also the main problem with Descript. As I turn more people on to it, I’ve noticed that the number of features is starting to be a little overwhelming to them. The developers seem to really be interested in what they can add to Descript, and that worries me. It is easy because it is simple and accessible. Hopefully it stays that way.
(FYI--If I were you, I’d be wondering if I have any relationship with Descript or get some kind of referral bonus, I don’t.)
Descript is another example, like the Rodecaster Pro, of the category “You Kids Have No Idea How Easy You Have It.” The Rodecaster Pro replaces what used to require a purpose built room, about $10k in equipment, and an engineer to set it up and keep it running. Now it fits into a $600 unit the size of a chunky laptop. Even five years ago, if you had told me that there would be a mass market product that could replace an entire studio and fit it into a backpack, I would have told you that you were insane. There would never be enough consumer demand nor a company willing to develop it, I would have argued. (First lesson, anything is possible. Second lesson, never listen to me.) Welcome to podcasting in 2021. It is a great time to make audio--and tools to match.
This turned out longer than I expected. Hopefully it was one of those “wow it was so interesting and pithy that it flew by” situations. I’m sure future editions will be much shorter.
Make the most of the next several weeks, find an outlet for your stress, and create something really exciting and impressive. I’ll be listening.
--Eric